Journal of the Texas Tech University Ethics Center

A Note from the Executive Editor

Ralph Ferguson

This is the last issue of the Journal of the TTU Ethics Center for this incarnation of the Ethics Center. Here you will find contributions from the speakers from the 6th Annual Global Ethics Symposium held in October, 2019 at TTU. We are also including the 2020 participants in the TTU Ethics Center

Structural Violence in Texas Counties: An Ethical Problem with Uncontroversial Policy Solutions

Robert Winn M.D. — 2020-07-14

When we think about violence in America, it is usually the tragic images of mass shootings that come to mind. These are horrific events that take the lives of Americans all too often, and, in spite of generating universal revulsion among Americans, they appear to resist any hope of a policy solution because of how this problem sits directly on the broad and deep partisan divide that currently characterizes American politics. This destructive, kinetic type of violence is not alone in causing Americans to suffer premature death because there is another type of violence that is less noticeable and much less likely to capture the full attention of the media or the policy process. This is nonetheless an insidious kind of violence that is very lethal and is known as structural violence, which is a social pathology that manifests itself in the premature death of numerous Americans whose misfortunes stem only from the fact that they do not have equal access to quality health care, a safe environment, and those other opportunities that allow them to live a complete and fulfilling life. We demonstrate the widespread lethality associated with structural violence by examining life expectancies of residents of Texas

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH INVOLVING CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

Daniel Kelly Ph.D. — 2020-07-14

The importance of ethics in research design and practice cannot be overstated. Ethical standards exist to protect participants from harm, coercion, or exploitation. Vulnerable populations require special considerations to protect them from unethical research practices, lack of informed consent, or coercion whether intentional or not. Youth placed in foster care represent a unique population of children who require additional protections. This paper details the unique vulnerabilities of foster youth, the reasons these vulnerabilities exist, and what researchers, reviewers, editors, and IRB personnel can do to mitigate the risks to foster youth within the standards of ethical research.

REQUISITE VARIETY AND ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING

Duane Hoover — 2020-07-14

Ethical decision-making is examined utilizing a model of requisite variety that introduces the concept of the Paradox of Increasing Knowledge and the reciprocal. This paradox is contrasted to the general question of how to evaluate ethical decision-making criteria and the management of social issues such as environmental management. The concept of social progress is conceptualized according to the hierarchical and progressive model of requisite variety established. The question ---

HAUNTED LANDSCAPES: A CASE FOR ETHICS IN THE SOUTHWEST

Cordelia E Barrera — 2020-07-14

What did it mean that my great-great-great-grandfather was presumably the original grantee of the tract

THE ORIGIN AND TREATMENT OF COMMON CCM VOCAL PROBLEMS

Casey Joiner — 2020-07-14

audio documentation proves that style and technique are constantly evolving; a sound that early twentieth century vocal technicians might have lauded could very well seem distasteful to a modern-day singer, and vice versa. But as the study of music exits its storied ethnocentric mindset and begins to incorporate teachings and lessons from civilizations outside of the Western idiom, vocal style is likewise undergoing its own evolution. Where classical music once reigned supreme in the voice studio, other styles such as jazz, R&B, gospel, and pop have arrived on the pedagogical front and are becoming an undivorceable part of the curriculum. One of the most notable vocal styles made its first appearance on the American stage in the late 1800

ETHICS OF DISCLOSURE IN FINANCIAL PLANNING: SHOULD THE FINANCIAL PLANNING INDUSTRY BE INTENTIONAL IN DISCLOSING PRACTICE VIOLATIONS?

Blain Pearson — 2020-07-14

A Wall Street Journal article in the Summer of 2019 found that one of the largest financial planning organizations, the Certified Financial PlannerTM (CFP

THE ETHICS OF CHEGG

Matthew Streseman — 2020-07-14

Cheating is an evergreen ethical issue in academia, with cheating occurring at almost all levels of study, in almost all cultures, and almost all of the time. Students will usually condemn people who are viewed as cheaters, but students frequently have different ideas on what constitutes cheating from both each other and faculty. Our analysis focuses on the ethical considerations of students using Chegg

JAZZ, EB, AND ME: AN ETHICAL DILEMMA

Cheryl A Brewer — 2020-07-14

Not the best planned study, nor the perfect review from my university

THE ETHICS OF TEACHER CARING AT THE SCHOOL LEVEL: HOW DOES IT AFFECT BEGINNING TEACHER WORK ENJOYMENT?

Xiofang Zeng — 2020-07-14

This study examined how teacher caring contributed to teacher work enjoyment compared with good student behaviors and competence in student behavioral management. While teacher caring has unique importance in terms of educational ethics and student educational outcomes, little research has been done on how teacher caring benefits the psychological well-being of teachers themselves. In contrast to what is found in the literature, which considers the emotional aspect of teacher caring costs, our findings indicate that teacher caring contributes significantly to teacher work enjoyment. Research indicates that student behaviors and competence in managing student behaviors are strong predictors of teacher job satisfaction, this study showed that teacher caring contributed significantly more to teacher positive emotion compared with the model that combines both good student behaviors and competence in student behavioral management.

MEDICAL ETHICS AND TRANS AND INTERSEX BODIES

Hilary Malatino — 2020-07-14

Transcription of a talk given at the 6th Annual Global Ethics Day Symposium at Texas Tech University

THE ETHICS OF SUSTAINABILITY

John Barkdull Ph.D. — 2020-07-14

Sustainable development has become a central value of the United Nations and a broadly accepted goal for policy makers around the world. In part, the case for sustainable development asserts ethical obligations to the poor, historically disadvantaged countries, and fu-ture generations. Such ethical obligations have become embodied in international law and practice. The most widely recognized definition states:

OAS EDUCATION & EXCHANGE OPPORTUNITIES

Lina M. Sevillano — 2020-07-14

The Organization of American States (OAS), comprised of 34 active member states in the Western Hemisphere, is characterized by great geographic, cultural, economic and linguistic diversity. The member states stretch from North America through Central America, the Caribbean to Argentina. The four OAS official languages are English, Spanish, Portuguese and French